Math 414-501 Spring 2017
Assignments
Assignment 1 - Due Wednesday, 1/25/17.
- Read sections 1.2.1-1.2.5.
- Do the following problems.
- Chapter 1: 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 25
Assignment 2 - Due Wednesday, 2/1/17.
- Read sections 1.3.1-1.3.5.
- Do the following problems.
- Chapter 1: 11, 18, 21, 22, 23(a,e,f),
- Suppose that $f$ and $f'$ are continuous 2π-periodic
functions, and that the Fourier series for $f$ and $f'$ are $
f(x) = a_0 +\sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n \cos(nx)+b_n\sin(nx)$ and $f'(x) =
a'_0 +\sum_{n=1}^\infty a'_n \cos(nx)+b'_n\sin(nx)$, respectively.
- Use integration by parts to show that the coefficients of the two
series are related this way for n ≥ 1: $a'_n = nb_n$ and
$b_n'=-na_n$. If f is k times continuously differentiable, use
induction to derive a similar formula for the the Fourier coefficients
of the $k^{th}$ derivative of $f$, $f^{(k)}$.
- Let $f(x) = \frac{1}{12}(x^3 - \pi^2x)$, $-\pi \le x \le \pi$. In
the text (cf. Example 1.9), we derived the Fourier series for $g(x) =
x$ on $-\pi \le x <\pi$. Use the series for $g$ and the results from
the previous problem to show that the Fourier series for $f(x) =
\frac{1}{12}(x^3 - \pi^2x)$ is given by
\[
f(x) = \sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{(-1)^n}{n^3} \sin(nx)
\]
Assignment 3 - Due Friday, 2/10/17.
- Read sections 1.3.4-1.3.5, 2.1
- Do the following problems.
- Chapter 1:
- 1. Skip the plots.
- 4. Sketch by hand the odd, $2\pi$ periodic
extension of $x^2$, $0\le x\le 1$. The FS for the odd
extension is the FSS that you are asked to find.
- 10. In working this problem, keep this in mind: If a
function $f(x)$ is defined on $0\le x \le 1$, then it has
three Fourier-type series associated with it: (1) Its FCS, which
is the FS for the even, $2$ periodic extension of $f$. (2)
Its FSS, which is the FS for the odd, $2$ periodic extension
of $f$. (3) Its FS, with $a=1/2$. This is the FS for the $1$
periodic extension of $f$. These are the three series you are
asked to find in the problem.
- 12. Skip the plots.
- 13.
- 33.
- Let $f(x)=1$ on the interval $0\le x\le \pi$.
- Find the FSS for $f(x)$.
- Sketch there periods of the function to which the FSS
converges pointwise. Is the series uniformly convergent? Justify
your answer.
- By choosing an appropriate point in the interval $0 < x <
\pi$, use the series you found to show that
\[
\frac{\pi}{4} = \sum_{k=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^{k+1}}{2k-1} = 1 -
\frac13 + \frac15 -\frac17+ \cdots.
\]
- In the previous assignment, you showed that $f(x) =
\frac{1}{12}(x^3 - \pi^2x) =\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{(-1)^n}{n^3}
\sin(nx)\,$ on the interval $-\pi\le x \le \pi$.
- Use the fact that this Fourier series converges pointwise to find
the value of the series $\sum_{k=1}^\infty
\frac{(-1)^k}{(2k-1)^3}$.
- In addition, use this FS and Parceval's theorem to find the value
of the series $\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n^6}$.
Assignment 4 - Due Friday, 2/24/2017.
- Read sections 2.1 and 2.2.1-2.2.2, 2.2.4
- Problems. You may use the table below.
"Quartet"
Function |
Fourier Transform |
$f(t)$ |
$\hat f(\lambda)$ |
$\hat f(t)$ |
$f(-\lambda)$ |
- Chapter 2: 1, 2, 4.
- Find the Fourier transform of $f(t) = e^{-|t|}$. In
addition, use this transform and the properties listed in Theorem
2.6 to find the Fourier transforms of the following functions:
- $t e^{-|t|}$ (Use #2.)
- $e^{-2|t-3|}$ (#6 and #7)
- $\text{sgn}(t)e^{-|t|}$ (Hint: differentiate $e^{-|t|}$;
use #4.) Here, $\text{sgn}(t) = \begin{cases} 1 & t > 0,\\ 0 & t = 0,
\\ -1 & t < 0.\end{cases} $
- $\frac{1}{1+(t-2)^2}$ (Hint: How are Fourier transforms and
inverse Fourier transforms related? Use the answer to this and #6)
- Find the Fourier transforms of these functions.
- $g(t)=\begin{cases}1 & -1 \le t \le 2, \\ 0 & \text{otherwise}.
\end{cases}$
- $h(t) = \begin{cases} 0, & t<0 \\
Ae^{-\alpha t},& t\ge 0. \end{cases} $, where $A>0$ and $\alpha>0$.
- $F(t) = \begin{cases} 1 & 0 \le t \le 1,\\ -1 & -1 \le t < 0 \\ 0
& \text{otherwise.} \end{cases} $
- Use Example 2.5, pg. 99, to find the the value of the
integral $I = \int_0^\infty \frac{\sin^2(t)}{t^2}dt$. (Hint: Use
Theorem 2.1, pg. 94.)
Assignment 5 - Due Monday, 3/6/2017.
- Read sections 2.3 and 2.4.
- Problems.
- Chapter 2: 5, 6.
- Let $\phi(t) := \begin{cases} 1 & 0 \le t < 1, \\ 0 &
\text{otherwise},\end{cases}$ and $\psi(t) := \begin{cases} 1 &
0 \le t < 1/2, \\ -1 & 1/2 \le t <1, \\0 &
\text{otherwise.}\end{cases} \ $ Find $\phi\ast \psi(t)$.
- Find $\hat\phi(\lambda)$ and $\hat\psi(\lambda)$.
- Find $\phi\ast \psi(t)$.
- Verify the convolution theorem by directly finding ${\mathcal
F}(\phi\ast \psi)$ and comparing it with $\sqrt{2\pi}\,
\hat\phi(\lambda) \hat\psi(\lambda)$.
- Let $h(t) = \begin{cases} \pi + t & -\pi \le t \le 0 , \\
\pi-t & 0\le t \le \pi \\
0 & \text{otherwise}. \end{cases} \ $ Recall that $\hat h(\lambda) =
\sqrt{\frac{8}{\pi}} \frac{\sin^2(\pi \lambda/2)}{\lambda^2} $. Use
Plancheral's theorem to find $I=\int_0^\infty
\frac{\sin^4(t)}{t^4}dt$.
- Recall that we have defined the Gaussian $f_s$ by $f_s(t) =
\sqrt{s} e^{-s t^2}$ and shown that $\hat f_s(\lambda) =
\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} e^{-\lambda^2/(4s)}$. (Chapter 2, problem 6.)
Consider the two Gaussians $f_3(t) = \sqrt{3}e^{-3 t^2}$ and $f_6(t)
= \sqrt{6}e^{-6t^2}$. Show that $f_3 \ast f_6(t) = \sqrt{\pi}
f_{2}(t)=\sqrt{2\pi} e^{-2t^2}$. (Hint: First use the convolution
theorem to get $\mathcal F[f_3 \ast f_6(t)](\lambda)$, then find
$\mathcal F^{-1}$ of the result to get the answer.)
- Let f(t) be a signal that is 0 when t < 0 or t > 1. Show
that, for the Butterworth filter, one has
\[
L[f] = Ae^{-\alpha t} \int_0^{\min(1,t)} e^{\alpha \tau} f(\tau)d\tau,
\ \text{if }t\ge 0, \ \text{and } L[f] = 0 \ \text{if } t<0.
\]
Assignment 6 - Due Friday, 3/10/2017.
- Read sections 3.1.1-3.1.4.
- Problems.
- Chapter 2: 13
- This is a version of problem 12, chapter 2. Let
$h(t):=\begin{cases} 1/d, & 0\le t\le d \\ 0,
&\text{otherwise}\end{cases}$.
- Show that the Filter has the form $L[f] = \frac{1}{d} \int_{ t -
d}^t f(\tau)d\tau$.
- Find $\hat h(\lambda)$. On the same set of axes, for
$d=3,10,30,50$ and $0\le \lambda\le 20$, plot $|\hat
h(\lambda)|$. Suppose one wants to filter out frequencies with $\lambda$
above $5$. What would be a good choice for $d$? (It doesn't have to
be one of the $d$'s listed.)
- Let $f(t) =\begin{cases} e^{-t}(\sin(3t) +\sin(5t)
+\sin(40t)), & t\ge 0\\ 0,
&\text{otherwise}\end{cases}$. Filter the signal using the value of
$d$ chosen in part (b). On the same set of axes, graph $f$ and
$h\ast f$.
- Let $h_1$ and $h_2$ be impulse response functions for causal
filters $L_1[f] = h_1\ast f$ and $L_2[f]=h_2\ast f$. Show that if
$h=h_1\ast h_2$ is the impulse response for $L[f]=h\ast f$, then $L$
is causal. If $h_1=h_2=h$, where $h$ is the impulse response function
for the Butterworth filter, show that $h*h(t) = \begin{cases} A^2
te^{-\alpha t},& t\ge 0\\ 0,& t \le 0 \end{cases} \ $.
Assignment 7 - Due Friday, 3/31/2017.
- Read sections 4.2, 4.3
- Problems.
- Suppose that x is an n-periodic sequence (i.e., x
∈ Sn). Show that $ \sum_{j=m}^{m+n-1}{\mathbf
x}_j = \sum_{j=0}^{n-1}{\mathbf x}_j $. (This is the DFT analogue of
Lemma 1.3, p. 44.)
- Chapter 3: 2 (Hint: use the previous problem.)
- Consider the Gaussian function $f_1(t) = e^{-t^2}$. The Fourier
transform of this function is $\hat f_1(\lambda) =
\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} e^{-\lambda^2/4}$. Numerically approximate $\hat
f_1(\lambda)$ using the FFT, with $f_1$ being sampled over the
interval $[-5,5]$ for n = 256, 512, and 1024. Graph $\hat f_1$ and
its FFT approximation $\hat f_{ap}$ for these three values of
$n$. (For an example of this type of problem,
see
Approximating the FT with the FFT.)
- Start putting together groups for projects.
Assignment 8 - Due Friday, 4/7/2017.
- Read sections 0.5.2, 3.2.1 and 5.1.
- Problems.
- Chapter 4: 2, 6, 7, 11 (10 pt. bonus.)
- Chapter 0: 15
- Using the inner product $\langle f,g\rangle = \int_{-1}^1
f(x)\overline{g(x)}dx$, find the projection of $\sin(\pi x)$ onto the span of
$\big\{ \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}, \sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}x,
\sqrt{\frac{5}{8}}(3x^2-1)\big\}$.
- Finish groups for projects. Each
group leader should send me an email with a list of the group members
and a short abstract for the project
Assignment 9 - Due Monday, 4/24/2017.
- Read sections 5.2, 5.3.3, 5.3.4.
- Problems.
- Chapter 5: 2, 5, 8, 11
- Use the decomposition filter diagram from the text to find
$f_{j-1}$ and $w_{j-1}$ for the given $f_j$. (You must use
this method to get credit.)
- $f_2= 2\phi(4x) -3\phi(4x-1)+ \phi(4x-2) + 3\phi(4x-3)$
- $f_3= \phi(8x) +7\phi(8x-1) -\phi(8x-2) +7\phi(8x-3)-
2\phi(8x-4)$
- Use the reconstruction filter diagram from the text to find
$f_j$ for the given $w_{j-1},f_{j-1}$. (You must use
this method to get credit.)
- $w_2=-\frac{3}{2} \psi(4x)- \psi(4x-1) + \frac12 \psi(4x-2) -
\frac12 \psi(4x-3)$, $f_2= \frac12 \phi(4x) + 2\phi(4x-1)+
\frac52\phi(4x-2) - \frac23\phi(4x-3)$
- $w_1=-\psi(2x)- \frac32\psi(2x-1)$, $f_1= \frac32 \phi(2x)
-\phi(2x-1)$
- Finish getting your projects
together by Thursday, 4/20. If necessary, I'll give some more time --
but only a day or two.
Updated 4/18/2017