Chaos in stochastic models -- We have only talked about deterministic
chaos. But introducing a small parameter which comes from a probability
density function can make systems stochastic, and will affect the
dynamics somewhat. Fractal basins and strange attractors may still
exist.
Chaos and the onset of turbulence. Early theories of the onset of
turbulent flow were based on bifurcation and period-doubling. Now, there
are some theories that state that there is an "attractor" in the Navier
Stokes equations which leads to chaos/turbulence. You will need to do
some literature search on this one, and the equations are not for the
faint-hearted!
Fractal image compression.
(ref).
Michael Barnsley developed this, holds several patents,
and I believe he formed a company to market software (see
ref)