More Examples LaTeX example with color and graphics.
Formatting Equations

It is instructive to try and create a complicated equation in html. Even given images for integrals, summations, and parentheses, one can see the kinds of issues that (La)Tex must face when typesetting good mathematics from simple input.

Here is a simple example. One line, one image

Next let's make it a fraction!

Next let's wrap it in ( )'s

Next let's sum it up...

Comparison between HTML, TeX and LaTeX versions


Given a "box" which wraps each of the smallest components, they must be "glued" together in such a way that

  1. the boxes fit together without overlap or extra "white space"
  2. are aligned with each other
  3. are scaled correctly
  4. fonts are selected optimally
  5. components are "modular" that is changing the source upstream or downstream minimally affects the display.
These are precisely the components which went into the making of TeX and LaTeX. The idea of rendering any document as a nested set of boxes (horizontal - \hbox, and vertical - \vbox), and then determing the rules for "glueing" them together, in the presence of hypenation, pagebreaks, and grouped items (among a host of other constraints) is what makes TeX so powerful (and complex!)
Tips
In Linux/Unix, one can create simple graphics via xfig. More sophisticated graphics (in color!) can be created through Maple or Matlab. Once they are exported to EPS format, they can be embedded into TeX documents.

Many graphics formats can be converted to EPS format through "xv"

In Windows, one can directly create graphics or art in the Office tools. One can then do a screen capture, or export the document to a gif format. This then has to be turned into an EPS format file to be included in TeX.